Opto-e

The holy grail of Opto-E integration. Silicon photonics uses standard CMOS manufacturing techniques (like those used for CPUs) to build optical components on silicon. While silicon is terrible at emitting light (it is an indirect bandgap semiconductor), it is excellent at guiding and modulating it. We now integrate germanium photodetectors onto silicon chips to create hybrid Opto-E processors.

: Specialized optics that can "see" the top and all sides of an object (like a bottle cap or engine part) simultaneously using just one camera [17, 28]. Pericentric Optics opto-e

: Researchers use these tools to create draft networks of ligand-receptor interactions to understand how multicellular systems organize themselves [12, 16]. The holy grail of Opto-E integration