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The DASS-144, also known as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, is a widely used psychological assessment tool designed to measure the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress in individuals. Developed by researchers Geoffrey Lovibond and Sydney Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-144 has become a popular instrument in both clinical and research settings. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the DASS-144, its history, theoretical background, structure, scoring, and applications. DASS-144

: If you prefer the shorter version, it uses 7 items per scale (21 total). You multiply those scores by 2 to compare them to DASS-42 norms. The term has appeared as a reference tag

Participants rate each statement on a scale of (Did not apply to me at all) to 3 (Applied to me very much, or most of the time) based on their experiences over the past week . I found myself getting upset by quite trivial things I was aware of dryness of my mouth I couldn't seem to experience any positive feeling at all Depression : If you prefer the shorter version, it

I couldn't seem to get any enjoyment out of the things I did Depression