A standout feature of Charles Handy’s Understanding Organizations (1993 edition) is his typology of four organizational cultures
When a remote team feels disconnected, it’s rarely a video conferencing problem. It’s the collapse of the informal organization. Handy predicted that without physical proximity, the informal bonds that hold organizations together would need deliberate reconstruction. handy c. -1993- understanding organizations
He argued that these three states are the primary drivers of workplace stress, burnout, and political infighting. The job of the leader, therefore, isn’t to motivate—it’s to clarify . isn’t to motivate—it’s to clarify .