India External Relations Class 12 Notes !!exclusive!! Instant

These notes cover the foundational principles of India’s foreign policy, the role of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, the Non-Aligned Movement, the conflicts with neighbors, and the evolution of policy in the post-Cold War era.

: Emphasises India's commitment to global nuclear disarmament and its "No First Use" doctrine, alongside its rejection of treaties like the NPT as discriminatory.

Critics argue that non-alignment evolved into "non-aligned to the Soviet Union and aligned to India's needs." In reality:

India and Pakistan have fought three major wars and one limited conflict (Kargil):

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