The 4th edition of Introduction to Machine Learning by Ethem Alpaydin remains the single best one-volume survey of the field. It does not chase trends; it teaches principles.
The book is divided logically, moving from simple to complex, and from supervised to unsupervised learning. Introduction To Machine Learning By Ethem Alpaydin 4th
: Updated material on deep networks within RL and policy gradient methods. The 4th edition of Introduction to Machine Learning