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( \sigma = \fracFA ) (Pa or MPa) Strain: ( \varepsilon = \frac\Delta LL ) (dimensionless) Young’s modulus: ( E = \frac\sigma\varepsilon ) (Pa)

: Young’s modulus, Hooke’s law, and tensile testing [3, 26]. engineering science n4 pdf notes

The N4 curriculum is designed to bridge the gap between theoretical science and practical engineering. Most PDF study guides focus on these key modules: 1. Kinematics ( \sigma = \fracFA ) (Pa or MPa)